TABLE OF TENSES

Buat English students everywhere yg lg nyari2 konsep TENSES termudah,...
gue ksih ni.. Tabel tenses dan Pemahamannya di jamin mudah deh......

TABLE OF TENSES

By : Mr. Akin

	SIMPLE	CONTINUES			PERFECT	PERFECT CONTINUES
P R E S E N T	SIMPLE PRESENT	PRESENT CONTINUES			PRESENT PERFECT	PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUES
	( + ) S + Verb 1(s/es) + O (  - ) S + do/does + not + Verb 1 + O ( ?  ) Do/does + S + Verb 1 + O ?	( + ) S + is/am/are + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + is/am/are + not + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) is/am/are + S + Verb-ing + O ?			( + ) S + have/has + Verb 3 + O (  - ) S + have/has + not + Verb 3 + O ( ?  ) have/has + S + Verb 3 + O ?	( + ) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + have/has + not + been + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) have/has + S + been + Verb-ing + O ?
	Example
	( + ) I study English at course	( + ) I am studying English at course			( + ) I have studied English at course	( + ) I have been studying English at course
	(  - ) I do not study English at course	(  - ) I am not studying English at course			( - ) I have not studied English at course	(  - ) I have not been studying English at course
	( ?  ) do I study English at course? Yes, I do No. I do not/ don’t	( ?  ) am I studying English at course? Yes, I am No, I am not			( ?  ) have I studied English at course? Yes, I have No, I have not/ haven’t	( ?  ) have I been studying English at course? Yes, I have No, I have not/ haven’t
P A S T	SIMPLE PAST	PAST CONTINUES			PAST PERFECT	PAST PERFECT CONTINUES
	( + ) S + Verb 2 + O (  - ) S + did + not + Verb 1 + O ( ?  ) did + S + Verb 1 + O ?	( + ) S + was/were + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + was/were + not + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) was/were + S + Verb-ing + O ?			( + ) S + had + Verb 3 + O (  - ) S + had + not + Verb 3 + O ( ?  ) had + S + Verb 3 + O ?	( + ) S + had + been + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + had + not + been + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) had + S + been + Verb-ing + O ?
	Example
	( + ) I studied English at course	( + ) I was studying English at course			( + ) I had studied English at course	( + ) I had been studying English at course
	(  - ) I did not study English at course	(  - ) I was not studying English at course			(  - ) I had not studied English at course	(  - ) I had not been studying English
	( ?  ) did I study English at course? Yes, I did No, I did not/didn’t	( ?  ) was I studying English at course? Yes, I was No, I was not/wasn’t			( ?  ) had I studied English at course? Yes, I had No, I had not/hadn’t	( ?  ) had I been studying English at course? Yes, I had No, I had not/hadn’t
F U T U R E	SIMPLE FUTURE		FUTURE CONTINUES		FUTURE PERFECT	FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUES
	( + ) S + will + Verb 1 + O ? (  - ) S + will + not + Verb 1 + O ( ?  ) will + S + Verb 1 + O ?		( + ) S + will + be + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + will + not + be + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) will + S + be +Verb-ing + O ?		( + ) S + will + have + Verb 3 + O (  - ) S + will + not + have + Verb 3 + O ( ?  ) will + S + have + Verb 3 + O ?	( + ) S + will +  have + been + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) will + S + have + been + Verb-ing + O ?
	Example
	( + ) I will study English at course		( + ) I will be studying English at course		( + ) I will have studied English at course	( + ) I will have been studying English at course
	(  - ) I will not study English at course		(  - ) I will not be studying English at course		(  - ) I will not have studied English at course	(  - ) I will not have been studying English at course
	( ?  ) will I study English at course? Yes, I will No, I will not/ won’t		( ?  ) will I be studying English at course? Yes, I will No, I will not/ won’t		( ?  ) will I have studied English at course? Yes, I will No, I will not/ won’t	( ?  ) will I have been studying English at course? Yes, I will No, I will not/ won’t
P A S T  F U T U R E	SIMPLE PAST FUTURE			PAST FUTURE CONTINUES	PAST FUTURE PERFECT	PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUES
	( + ) S + would + Verb 1 + O ? ( - ) S + would + not + Verb 1 + O ( ?  ) would + S + Verb 1 + O ?			( + ) S + would + be + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + would + not + be + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) would + S + be +Verb-ing + O ?	( + ) S + would + have + Verb 3 + O (  - ) S + would+ not + have + Verb 3 + O ( ?  ) would + S + have + Verb 3 + O ?	( + ) S + would +  have + been + Verb-ing + O (  - ) S + would + not +have + been + Verb-ing + O ( ?  ) would + S + have + been + Verb-ing + O ?
	Example
	( + ) I would study English at course			( + ) I would be studying English at course	( + ) I would have studied English at course	( + ) I would have been studying English at course
	(  - ) I would not study English at course			(  - ) I would not be studying English at course	(  - ) I would not have studied English at course	(  - ) I would not have been studying English at course
	( ?  ) would I study English at course? Yes, I would No, I would not/ wouldn’t			( ?  ) would I be studying English at course? Yes, I would No, I would not/ wouldn’t	( ?  ) would I have studied English at course? Yes, I would No, I would not/ wouldn’t	( ?  ) would I have been studying English at course? Yes, I would No, I would not/ wouldn’t

GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

1.     Present (waktu sekarang)

Simple Present	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang biasa atau sering dilakukan diwaktu sekarang. Time signal: usually, often, always, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never. Contoh: ! I always get up early. G  Penggunaan time signal biasanya diletakkan setelah subject atau sebelum main verb (kata kerja utama. Contoh: ! I always get up at early. ! I do not always get up early.
Present Continues	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung  diwaktu sekarang. Time signal: now, right now, at present, at moment, today. ! I am listening music right now.
Present Perfect	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah selesai dilakukan pada waktu sekarang. Time signal: already, just (baru saja), recently, lately, yet. Contoh: ! I have just washed the dishes.
Present Perfect Continues	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang masih berlangsung pada waktu sekarang dengan menunjukkan lamanya aktivitas itu berlangsung (time duration). Time signal: for, since, all day, all morning, and all week. Contoh: ! I have been sitting here since nine o’clock.

2.     Past (waktu lampau)

Simple Past	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang biasa atau sering dilakukan diwaktu lampau. Time signal: yesterday, last… (week), (two months)…. Ago. Contoh: ! I watched crazy man in front of this course last week.
Past Continues	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau. Penunjuk waktu pada tenses ini lebih specific dari simple past. Time signal: yesterday morning, last week on Monday, last night at eight o’clock. Contoh: ! Last night at eight o’clock, I was playing game.
Past Perfect	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan  aktvitas yang sudah selesai dilakukan di waktu lampau sebelum aktivitas lain terjadi. Time signal: ®     …..(past perfect)….before…..(simple past)….. ®     …...(simple past)….after…….(past perfect)…. ®     …...(past perfect)….when……(simple past)…. Contoh: ! I had made this book before he asked me
Past Perfect Continues	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang masih berlangsung diwaktu lampau dengan menunjukkan lamanya aktivitas itu berlangsung (time duration) sebelum aktivitas lain terjadi. Time signal: ®     ...(past perfect continues)…before…..(simple past)….. ®     …...(simple past)….after…….( past perfect continues)…. ®     …...( past perfect continues)….when……(simple past)…. Contoh: ! He asked me after I had been making this book for 2 years.

3.     Future (waktu akan datang/rencana)

Simple Future	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan diwaktu akan datang. Time signal: tomorrow, next….. (time), as soon as, tonight, later, on … (Sunday). Contoh: ! I will publish my book next month.
Future Continues	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan berlangsung dimasa akan datang. Penunjiuk wkatu pada tenses ini lebih specific dari simple future. Time signal: tomorrow ….(morning), on Sunday ….. (evening), later at eight p.m. Contoh: !  I will be having graduation next month on September.
Future Perfect	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan dimasa akan datang. Time signal: by…. (next month), by the end of…. (next month). Contoh: ! I will have taught in junior high school by next year.
Future Perfect Continues	G  Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan masih berlangsung dimasa akan datang dengan menunjukkan lamanya aktivitas itu berlangsung (time duration). Time signal: by…..(next month) for….(two years), by the end of ….. (next year) since…..(on January). Contoh: I will have been having graduation by the end of next month for four years.

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